Prostatic carcinoma - Rules!!

Rule 1: Prostatic carcinoma is suspected always on low power examination.

Rule of "Toos" (at low magnification):

1. Too small glands

2. Too crowded glands (with back to back arrangement)

3. Too clear glands

Three criteria for confirmation of malignancy (at high magnification):

1. Enlarged nuclei

2. Prominence of nucleoli

3. Loss of basal cells 


Additional features that indicate a malignancy:
1. Crystalloids
2. Glomerulations
3. Circumferential perineural invasion


Figure below - Shows benign prostatic acini with basal cells and luminal cells

Figures below - Prostatic adenocarcinoma

Hamartoma versus Choristoma

Hamartoma:

Disorganised but benign mass composed of cells indigenous to the involved site.

Choristoma:
Heterotopic rest of normal cells.

Biphasic Soft tissue tumours with epithelial component

1. Chondroid syringoma / mixed tumour of soft tissue
2. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour
3. Synovial Sarcoma

Reboot Your Brain and leave a comment - Hemat Quiz 1

Quiz created by Kiruthiga Gnanasekaran with GoConqr

Quiz 1

Quiz created by Kiruthiga Gnanasekaran with GoConqr

Identify this artefact

Jones silver methanamine stain

Jones silver methanamine stain

Used to highlight basement membranes.

Used as a routine stain in renal biopsies.

Do you remember the principle of PAS stain? This one is similar to that.

JONES STAIN:

C-C bonds in carbohydrates (Eg:Glycogen) ----> Oxidised by periodic acid ----> Aldehyde ---> Reduces silver solution ----> Metalllic silver (Black)

PAS STAIN:
C-C bonds in carbohydrates (Eg:Glycogen) ----> Oxidised by periodic acid ----> Aldehyde ------> Schiff's reagent (Fuschin-sulphurous acid) ------> Alkyl sulphonate (magenta coloured compound).

• Structures that are stained magenta on a PAS stain will be black in Jones' stain.

Fig: Black lines (arrows) represent the glomerular and tubular basement membranes.
Arrow heads - Capillary walls.


Note: It is not specific for basement membranes, demonstrates any carbohydrate which can be oxidised to aldehyde.