Tissue carbohydrates are of two types - Glycogen and Mucin (mucopolysaccharides).
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain:Indicates presence of glycogen in tissue
C-C bonds in carbohydrates (Eg:Glycogen) ----> Oxidised by periodic acid ----> Aldehyde ------> Schiff's reagent (Fuschin-sulphurous acid) ------> Alkyl sulphonate (magenta coloured compound).
Used in the diagnosis of:
1. Glycogen storage disorders
Liver biopsy (PAS stain) - demonstrating glycogen
2. Glycogen containing tumours - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma and Ewing sarcoma.
An important feature of glycogen: The ease of digestion with amylase; i.e Glycogen is digested by amylase; while mucin is not.
Thus, Glycogen is PASD sensitive while mucin is PASD resistant.
* Most commonly used amylase is ptyalin (salivary amylase).
Other structures highlighted by PAS stain (and of practical importance):
1. Basement membrane:
2. Fungal cell wall:
3. Renal biopsies - To differentiate the various glomerular diseases with organised deposits (in combination with Jones silver stain)
4. Neutral mucin
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain:Indicates presence of glycogen in tissue
C-C bonds in carbohydrates (Eg:Glycogen) ----> Oxidised by periodic acid ----> Aldehyde ------> Schiff's reagent (Fuschin-sulphurous acid) ------> Alkyl sulphonate (magenta coloured compound).
Used in the diagnosis of:
1. Glycogen storage disorders
2. Glycogen containing tumours - Clear cell renal cell carcinoma and Ewing sarcoma.
An important feature of glycogen: The ease of digestion with amylase; i.e Glycogen is digested by amylase; while mucin is not.
Thus, Glycogen is PASD sensitive while mucin is PASD resistant.
* Most commonly used amylase is ptyalin (salivary amylase).
Other structures highlighted by PAS stain (and of practical importance):
1. Basement membrane:
- Invasion of tumours especially squamous cell carcinoma of skin, cervix.
- Thickening of basement membrane in diseases like DLE etc.
- Renal biopsies: Capillary, glomerular and tubular basement membranes
2. Fungal cell wall:
- PAS highlights the cell wall of living fungi (incontrast to Grocott's Methanamine Silver - GMS which highlights both living and dead fungi).
3. Renal biopsies - To differentiate the various glomerular diseases with organised deposits (in combination with Jones silver stain)
4. Neutral mucin
Thank you 👌
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